AUTHORS: Messina, Antonio, PhD et al
METHODS: In this systematic review, we considered the FC components in studies adopting either GDT or non-GDT, to assess whether differences exist between the 2 approaches. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis to ascertain the effectiveness of dynamic indexes pulse pressure variation (PPV) and stroke volume (SV) variation (SVV), in predicting fluid responsiveness.
RESULTS: Thirty-five non-GDT and 33 GDT studies met inclusion criteria, including 5017 patients. In the vast majority of non-GDT and GDT studies, the FC consisted in the administration of colloids (85.7% and 90.9%, respectively). In 29 non-GDT studies, the colloid infused was the 6% hydroxyethyl starch (6% HES; 96.6% of this subgroup). In 20 GDT studies, the colloid infused was the 6% HES (66.7% of this subgroup), while in 5 studies was a gelatin (16.7% of this subgroup), in 3 studies an unspecified colloid (10.0% of this subgroup), and in 1 study albumin (3.3%) or, in another study, both HES 6% and gelatin (3.3%). In non-GDT studies, the median volume infused was 500 mL; the time of infusion and hemodynamic target to assess fluid responsiveness lacked standardization. In GDT studies, FC usually consisted in the administration of 250 mL of colloids (48.8%) in 10 minutes (45.4%) targeting an SV increase >10% (57.5%). Only in 60.6% of GDT studies, a safety limit was adopted. PPV pooled area under the curve (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 0.86 (0.80–0.92). The mean (standard deviation) PPV threshold predicting fluid responsiveness was 10.5% (3.2) (range, 8%–15%), while the pooled (95% CI) sensitivity and specificity were 0.80 (0.74–0.85) and 0.83 (0.73–0.91), respectively. SVV pooled area under the curve (95% CI) was 0.87 (0.81–0.93). The mean (standard deviation) SVV threshold predicting fluid responsiveness was 11.3% (3.1) (range, 7.5%–15.5%), while the pooled (95% CI) sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (0.75–0.89) and 0.77 (0.71–0.82), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The key components of FC including type of fluid (colloids, often 6% HES), volume (500 and 250 mL in non-GDT studies and GDT studies, respectively), and time of infusion (10 minutes) are quite standardized in operating room. However, pooled sensitivity and specificity of both PPV and SVV are limited.